Analysis of the impact of antibiotics on the functioning of passive wastewater treatment systems

Modern civilization is producing an increasing number of so-called emerging pollutants, including antibiotics. Their presence in the environment carries serious consequences—not only do they accumulate in water and soil, but more importantly, they exert selective pressure on microorganisms. This leads to the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), posing a direct threat to public health. These phenomena are particularly alarming in the context of the global rise in antibiotic resistance and align with the One Health concept, which recognizes the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health.

Wastewater treatment systems are a key entry point for antibiotics into the environment. While traditional wastewater treatment plants combine mechanical, chemical, and biological methods and are largely effective, they often fail to fully eliminate antibiotics and resistant microorganisms. An increasingly popular alternative is Constructed Wetlands (CWs)—passive treatment systems that mimic natural wetlands by utilizing the biological activity of plants and microorganisms to purify wastewater. Despite many advantages, CWs remain poorly studied when it comes to their efficiency in removing antibiotics and related biological hazards.

This project aims to investigate the effects of antibiotic presence—especially in mixtures—on the functioning of CWs, their microbiomes, and their potential to foster resistant bacteria. As CWs are being adopted in many parts of the world, gaining a better understanding of these processes is critical for environmental protection and public health. The project addresses an urgent need for new knowledge about the environmental dimensions of antibiotic resistance and could contribute to the development of new standards and technological solutions in wastewater management.